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综合理解【冬至】

根据下列文章,选出正确的答案。

冬至节的由来与传说冬至过节源于汉代,盛于唐宋,相沿至今。

《清嘉录》甚至有“冬至大如年”之说。这表明古人对冬至十分重视。人们认为冬至是阴阳二气的自然转化,是上天赐予的福气。汉朝以冬至为“冬节”,官府要举行祝贺仪式称为“贺冬”,例行放假。

《后汉书》中有这样的记载:“冬至前后,君子安身静体,百官绝事,不听政,择吉辰而后省事。”所以这天朝庭上下要放假休息,军队待命,边塞闭关,商旅停业,亲朋各以美食相赠,相互拜访,欢乐地过一个“安身静体”的节日。

唐、宋时期,冬至是祭天祭祀祖的日子,皇帝在这天要到郊外举行祭天大典,百姓在这一天要向父母尊长祭拜,现在仍有一些地方在冬至这天过节庆贺。

冬至节的风俗冬至经过数千年发展,形成了独特的节令食文化。

诸如馄饨、饺子、汤圆、赤豆粥、黍米糕等都可作为年节食品。

吃汤圆也是冬至的传统习俗,在江南尤为盛行。“汤圆”是冬至必备的食品,是一种用糯米粉制成的圆形甜品,“圆”意味着“团圆”“圆满”,冬至吃汤圆又叫“冬至团”。

民间有“吃了汤圆大一岁”之说。冬至团可以用来祭祖,也可用于互赠亲朋。旧时上海人最讲究吃汤团。古人有诗云:“家家捣米做汤圆,知是明朝冬至天。”

像在台湾还保存着冬至用九层糕祭祖的传统,用糯米粉捏成鸡、鸭、龟、猪、牛、羊等象征吉祥中意福禄寿的动物,然后用蒸笼分层蒸成,用以祭祖,以示不忘老祖宗。同姓同宗者于冬至或前后约定之早日,集到祖祠中照长幼之序,一一祭拜祖先,俗称“祭祖”。祭典之后,还会大摆宴席,招待前来祭祖的宗亲们。

大家开怀畅饮,相互联络久别生疏的感情,称之为“食祖。”冬至节祭祖,一直世代相传,以示不忘自己的“根”。冬至是一个内容丰富的节日,据传,冬至在历史上的周代是新年元旦,曾经是个很热闹的日子。在今天仍有:吃了冬至夜饭长一岁的说法,俗称“添岁”。

1)从哪里可以知道“冬至大如年”?
(1)人们认为冬至是阴阳二气的自然转化
(2)古人对冬至十分重视
(3)官府举行祝贺仪式
(4)朝庭上下要放假休息

2)以下哪个不是在《后汉书》记载的?
(1)朝庭放假休息,不过军队随时待命
(2)边塞不得往来,商旅此时停业
(3)亲朋戚友互相拜访,互赠美食
(4)朝廷设宴,招待百官

3)为什么汤圆是冬至必备的食品?
(1)因为制作过程繁琐
(2)因为在江南尤为盛行
(3)因为寓意团圆、圆满
(4)因为是独特的美食文化

4)文中“不忘自己的“根”,说明人们__________。
(1)必需记得制作汤圆的过程
(2)一定要在冬至开怀畅饮,相互联络感情
(3)不可忘记冬至吃汤圆的习俗
(4)不能忘本,不能忘记祖先

5)“冬至是一个内容丰富的节日”,这里的“内容”指的是?
(1)在历史上,它曾是新年元旦
(2)它是热闹的传统节日
(3)吃了冬至夜饭,就长一岁
(4)冬至只是一个吃汤圆的节日

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